Q50.2

Clinical Causes: Developmental anomalies of the ovary or supporting structures, such as elongated or abnormally positioned ligaments Presence of ovarian cysts or masses that increase the weight and predispose to torsion Congenital malformations affecting the pelvis and reproductive organs Increased mobility of ovarian tissues due to anatomical variations

Key Symptoms: Acute lower abdominal or pelvic pain, often sudden and severe Nausea and vomiting, which may accompany pain episodes Abdominal tenderness or swelling in some cases Possible signs of compromised blood flow, such as pain worsening over time

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation and imaging studies. A healthcare provider may perform a pelvic exam to assess tenderness and external abnormalities. Imaging techniques like pelvic ultrasound are essential to visualize ovarian positioning, blood flow, and possible torsion. Doppler ultrasound can evaluate blood flow, helping to determine if the ovary is twisted and compromised. In some cases, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) might be used for more detailed visualization. Laboratory tests are generally not specific but can assist in ruling out other causes of pelvic pain.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment usually involves surgical intervention to untwist the ovary and assess its viability. Emergency surgery is often performed to reduce the risk of ovarian necrosis—death of ovarian tissue due to lack of blood supply. During surgery, the surgeon may also address underlying anatomical anomalies or remove any affected tissue if necessary. Postoperative care includes monitoring for signs of infection or recurrence. In some cases, preventive measures or corrective procedures might be recommended to prevent future torsions.