B25.1

Clinical Causes: Reactivation of latent CMV infection in individuals with weakened immune systems (e.g., organ transplant recipients, HIV patients). Primary infection with CMV, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Transmission through bodily fluids such as blood, urine, saliva, or sexual contact. Mother to child transmission during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. Blood transfusions or organ transplants from an infected donor.

Key Symptoms: Fever and chills Fatigue and general weakness Abdominal pain or discomfort, particularly in the upper right area beneath the ribs Loss of appetite Nausea and vomiting Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) Enlargement of the liver (hepatomegaly) Dark urine Light-colored stools Swollen abdomen in some cases In severe cases, symptoms may include liver failure or widespread organ involvement

Diagnosis Path: Serology tests to detect CMV-specific antibodies (IgM and IgG) indicating current or past infection. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing to identify CMV DNA in blood or tissue samples. Liver function tests to assess liver enzyme levels and overall hepatic health. Liver biopsy in certain cases to observe characteristic cellular changes and detect CMV directly within liver tissue. Imaging studies, such as ultrasound, to evaluate liver size and detect complications.

Treatment Protocols: Antiviral medications like ganciclovir, valganciclovir, or foscarnet to inhibit viral replication. Supportive care such as hydration, rest, and nutritional support to help maintain strength during recovery. Monitoring liver function regularly to track disease progression or improvement. Adjusting immunosuppressive therapy in transplant recipients to balance infection risk and graft rejection. In severe or complicated cases, hospitalization may be necessary to provide intensive support.