K55.062

Clinical Causes: Blocked arteries due to blood clots (thrombosis) or emboli coming from elsewhere in the body. Atherosclerosis, or buildup of fatty deposits in the blood vessels supplying the intestines. Low blood flow from shock, severe dehydration, or heart failure. Vasculitis, or inflammation of blood vessels, causing narrowing or blockage. Surgical complications that may compromise blood flow to the intestines. Other less common causes include arterial dissection, or trauma to abdominal blood vessels.

Key Symptoms: Sudden, severe abdominal pain that may be disproportionate to physical findings. Nausea and vomiting. Bloody stools or diarrhea with blood. Abdominal tenderness, swelling, or rigidity. Signs of shock such as rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, and dizziness. Fever and general malaise in some cases.

Diagnosis Path: Physical examination focusing on abdominal tenderness and signs of systemic illness. Laboratory tests including blood count, lactate levels, and markers of inflammation. Imaging studies such as abdominal X-rays to identify bowel changes or free air suggestive of perforation. Computed tomography (CT) angiography to visualize blood flow and pinpoint blockages or areas of ischemia. Endoscopy or surgical exploration may be used for definitive diagnosis and assessment.

Treatment Protocols: Emergency surgery to remove necrotic (dead) portions of the intestine and restore blood flow. Supportive care with IV fluids to maintain hydration and stabilize blood pressure. Anticoagulant medications to prevent further clot formation in cases caused by thrombosis. Antibiotics to reduce the risk of infection or sepsis due to bowel necrosis. Addressing underlying causes such as arterial blockages or cardiovascular issues. Long-term management to monitor for potential complications or recurrence.