R13.14

Clinical Causes: Neurological disorders such as stroke, Parkinson's disease, or multiple sclerosis impairing nerve control. Structural abnormalities like esophageal tumors, strictures, or webs obstructing passage. Muscular disorders affecting the esophageal muscles, including achalasia or muscular dystrophy. Inflammatory conditions such as esophagitis or infections causing tissue swelling and narrowing. Post-surgical complications or injury resulting from radiation therapy or trauma.

Key Symptoms: Difficulty swallowing food or liquids, especially solids or thicker substances. Sensation of food sticking in the throat or chest. Regurgitation of swallowed material. Choking or coughing during meals. Unintended weight loss due to eating difficulties. Possible chest pain or discomfort during swallowing.

Diagnosis Path: Barium swallow study (esophagram) to visualize the swallowing process and identify obstructions or motility issues. Endoscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy) to directly examine the esophageal lining and identify abnormalities. Esophageal manometry to measure the strength and coordination of esophageal muscles. Imaging studies like CT scans if structural abnormalities or masses are suspected. Clinical evaluation and detailed patient history to determine the onset and progression of symptoms.

Treatment Protocols: Dietary modifications such as thickened liquids or specialized texture diets to facilitate swallowing. Swallowing therapy and exercises provided by speech-language pathologists to improve muscle control and coordination. Medications to treat underlying conditions like esophageal spasms or infections. Endoscopic procedures to dilate strictures or remove obstructions. Surgical interventions in severe cases, including esophageal reconstruction or correction of structural abnormalities. Addressing underlying neurological conditions through multidisciplinary care.