Z36.5

Clinical Causes: Rh blood group incompatibility between mother and fetus Presence of other blood group incompatibilities (e.g., ABO incompatibility) Previous pregnancy with incompatible blood types Certain medical conditions that increase risk of sensitization Lack of prior screening during pregnancy

Key Symptoms: Typically, there are no symptoms in the mother during early pregnancy In rare cases, signs of hemolytic disease in the fetus or newborn, such as jaundice or anemia Potential signs of fetal distress in advanced cases

Diagnosis Path: Screening for isoimmunization usually involves blood tests in the pregnant woman to detect antibodies against fetal blood antigens, primarily Rh and ABO. If antibodies are identified, additional tests such as titers and fetal blood sampling may be recommended to assess risk and fetal condition. Ultrasound evaluations can help monitor fetal health and detect signs of anemia or hydrops fetalis, conditions associated with severe isoimmunization.

Treatment Protocols: Regular antibody titer testing to monitor antibody levels Fetal ultrasounds to assess fetal well-being In some cases, intrauterine transfusions may be performed to treat fetal anemia Administering Rh immunoglobulin (Rhogam) to Rh-negative pregnant women during and after pregnancy to prevent sensitization Planning delivery at a specialized center if fetal complications are detected Postnatal treatment may involve phototherapy or exchange transfusions for the newborn