R04.0

Clinical Causes: Trauma or injury to the nose, such as a blow or accidental bump Dry air, leading to nasal dryness and irritation of the nasal membranes Nasal infections or inflammation such as sinusitis Frequent use of nasal sprays or medications that dry out the nasal passages Underlying medical conditions like hypertension or bleeding disorders Foreign objects inserted into the nose, especially in children Use of blood-thinning medications or anticoagulants Structural abnormalities of the nasal cartilage or septum

Key Symptoms: Sudden bleeding from one or both nostrils Blood flowing down the back of the throat or into the mouth Feeling of nasal congestion or pressure Possible dizziness or weakness if bleeding is heavy Blood stains on tissue or cloth used to wipe the nose In some cases, spontaneous bleeding without apparent cause

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of epistaxis typically involves a healthcare provider examining the nasal passages and determining the source of bleeding. The doctor may review medical history, inquire about recent injuries or medication use, and assess underlying health conditions. In certain cases, additional tests such as blood work or imaging studies may be needed to identify underlying causes or coexisting conditions, especially if bleeding episodes are recurrent or severe.

Treatment Protocols: Applying direct pressure to the nostrils by pinching the soft part of the nose for at least 10 minutes Keeping the head elevated and leaning forward slightly to prevent blood from running down the throat Applying a cold compress or ice pack to the bridge of the nose to constrict blood vessels Avoiding strenuous activity, blowing the nose, or inserting anything into the nose for several hours after bleeding stops In cases of persistent bleeding, medical procedures such as cauterization or nasal packing may be necessary Addressing underlying causes like controlling blood pressure or stopping blood-thinning medications under medical guidance