H35.323

Clinical Causes: Aging: The primary risk factor, as the condition predominantly affects individuals over 50. Genetic predisposition: Family history increases the likelihood of developing AMD. Environmental factors: Smoking, obesity, and exposure to ultraviolet light may contribute. Histological changes: Degeneration of retinal cells and abnormal blood vessel growth under the macula. Other health conditions: Cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure can influence development.

Key Symptoms: Blurred or distorted central vision, making it difficult to read or recognize faces. Dark or empty areas in the central visual field. A slight change in the perception of colors, often duller or less vibrant. Visual distortions: Straight lines may appear wavy or crooked. Rapid progression with bilateral involvement can lead to significant vision loss if untreated.

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves comprehensive eye examinations, including dilated fundus examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and sometimes fluorescein angiography. These tests help visualize abnormal blood vessels and fluid accumulation beneath the retina, confirming the presence of exudative AMD in both eyes and assessing its severity.

Treatment Protocols: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections: These medications, administered directly into the eye, inhibit abnormal blood vessel growth and reduce fluid leakage. Photodynamic therapy (PDT): A laser-based treatment combined with a special drug that targets abnormal vessels. Lifestyle modifications: Quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, and protecting eyes from excessive sunlight can help slow disease progression. Nutritional supplements: Certain vitamins and minerals, such as those in the AREDS2 formula, can lessen the risk of advanced AMD in some individuals. Regular eye exams: Monitoring disease progression allows timely adjustments in treatment plans.