T18.2

Clinical Causes: Accidental swallowing of small objects such as coins, batteries, or toys Ingesting food containing foreign particles or objects Intentional ingestion in rare cases, often linked to psychological conditions Children exploring the environment by putting objects in their mouths Ill-fitting dentures or swallowing difficulty can lead to accidental ingestion

Key Symptoms: Pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen Nausea and vomiting Difficulty swallowing or feeling of something stuck in the throat or chest Loss of appetite Gastrointestinal bleeding in severe cases Possible signs of obstruction such as bloating, inability to pass stool or gas

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies. The key diagnostic tools include: - **X-ray imaging**: To identify radiopaque foreign objects - **Endoscopy**: Allows direct visualization of the foreign body within the stomach and may also serve as a means for removal - **Other imaging tests**: Such as computed tomography (CT) scans if the foreign body is not visible on X-ray The healthcare provider assesses the location, size, and nature of the foreign object to determine appropriate management.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment approaches depend on the size, shape, and potential danger posed by the foreign object. Common management strategies include: - **Observation**: Small, smooth objects that are unlikely to cause harm may pass through the digestive tract naturally, with close monitoring. - **Endoscopic removal**: A minimally invasive procedure where a flexible tube with a camera is inserted through the mouth into the stomach to retrieve the foreign body. - **Surgical intervention**: Required in cases where endoscopy fails, or if the foreign body has caused perforation, obstruction, or other complications. - **Supportive care**: Includes pain management, hydration, and monitoring for signs of complications such as perforation or bleeding. Medical follow-up is essential to ensure complete resolution and prevent potential complications.