S02.85

Clinical Causes: Physical trauma from blunt objects or impacts, such as fists or sports equipment Falls from significant heights that cause direct impact to the face Vehicle accidents resulting in facial injuries Assault or physical violence targeting the face Sports injuries involving blows to the face

Key Symptoms: Swelling around the eye Bruising or discoloration around the eye Pain or tenderness in the affected area Difficulty moving the eye or double vision (diplopia) Sunken appearance of the eye (enophthalmos) Numbness or altered sensation around the cheek or upper lip Redness or bleeding inside the eye

Diagnosis Path: Healthcare providers typically perform a physical examination to assess eye movement, sensation, and visual acuity. Imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) scans, are crucial for confirming the presence, location, and extent of the fracture. These scans help to identify whether the fracture involves the orbital walls, floor, or surrounding bones. Additional assessments may include checking for nerve injury or muscle entrapment, which can influence treatment decisions.

Treatment Protocols: Management of orbital fractures varies based on the severity and specific characteristics of the injury. Many minor fractures may heal without surgical intervention through conservative approaches, such as observation, analgesics for pain management, and avoiding activities that increase pressure around the eye. In cases involving displaced fractures, muscle impingement, or significant structural damage, surgical repair might be recommended. Surgery typically involves repositioning the fractured bones and restoring the orbital wall to prevent long-term complications like persistent double vision or enophthalmos. Follow-up care includes monitoring for infection, ensuring proper healing, and supporting visual function recovery.