S02.11F

Clinical Causes: Motor vehicle accidents, especially those involving rapid deceleration or direct impact to the head. Falls from a significant height leading to force transmitted to the base of the skull. Sports injuries causing blunt trauma to the head, such as in contact sports or high-impact activities. Craniocervical trauma from blunt force or penetrating injuries. Chronic degenerative changes or stress fractures due to repetitive trauma, although less common.

Key Symptoms: Head or neck pain, often localized at the base of the skull. Limited range of motion in the neck, accompanied by stiffness. Neck tenderness upon touch. Occasional headaches that radiate from the occipital area. Signs of nerve compression, such as numbness or tingling in the scalp or upper neck region. In severe cases, neurological symptoms like weakness, dizziness, or impaired coordination. Swelling or tenderness near the back of the head if accompanied by other injuries.

Diagnosis Path: Computed tomography (CT) scan — provides detailed cross-sectional images of the skull base and cervical spine, essential for identifying fracture details. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) — may be used to evaluate soft tissue and nerve involvement if neurological symptoms are present. X-rays — although less sensitive for occipital condyle fractures, they may be used initially or in follow-up assessments.

Treatment Protocols: Immobilization — using a cervical collar or cervical traction to stabilize the neck and prevent further injury. Pain management — analgesics to achieve comfort and reduce inflammation. Monitoring — regular follow-up imaging to assess healing progress and detect any complications. Surgical intervention — considered in cases where the fracture leads to instability or compresses neural structures, involving stabilization procedures such as occipitocervical fusion. Rehabilitation — physical therapy to restore mobility and strength after initial stabilization and healing.