S02.5

Clinical Causes: Blow to the face or mouth, often from sports injuries or accidents Falls resulting in direct impact on the mouth Customer trauma during physical altercations Biting on hard foods such as ice or hard candies Dental procedures that weaken the tooth structure

Key Symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain when biting or chewing Sensitivity to temperature changes—hot or cold foods and drinks Visible cracks, chips, or broken parts of the tooth Discoloration or dark spots on the affected tooth Swelling or inflammation around the gum line Possible tenderness or pain when touching the tooth

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of a fractured tooth involves a dental examination where the dentist assesses the injury visually and through gentle probing. Dental X-rays are commonly used to determine the extent of the fracture, especially if the break involves the root or is not clearly visible. The dentist may also examine neighboring teeth to rule out additional damage. Identifying the type and severity of the fracture helps in planning suitable treatment options.

Treatment Protocols: Minor cracks may only require smoothing or polishing of the affected area. Chipped or broken segments can often be restored with composite resin fillings that match the natural tooth color. If the fracture is extensive but the root is intact, a dental crown may be used to cover and protect the tooth. Root fractures may necessitate root canal therapy if the pulp is damaged. In cases of severe damage involving the root or if the tooth is broken beyond repair, extraction may be necessary followed by options for tooth replacement, such as implants or bridges. Pain management and anti-inflammatory medications may be recommended in the short term. Follow-up care including regular dental check-ups is essential to monitor healing and prevent infection.