A07.1

Clinical Causes: Consuming contaminated water, especially untreated or surface water sources. Eating food that has been contaminated with Giardia, often through poor hygiene practices. Direct contact with infected individuals or animals harboring the parasite. Traveling to regions with inadequate sanitation infrastructure where the parasite is prevalent.

Key Symptoms: Diarrhea, which may be greasy or foul-smelling Stomach cramps and abdominal pain Bloating and gas Nausea and sometimes vomiting Fatigue and general malaise Weight loss over time due to malabsorption

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves identifying Giardia antigens or cysts in stool samples, often through microscopic examination or antigen detection tests. In some cases, multiple stool samples are tested to confirm the presence of the parasite. Healthcare providers may also recommend other tests if symptoms persist or diagnosis remains uncertain.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment generally includes prescribed antiparasitic medications such as metronidazole or tinidazole. In addition to medication, maintaining good hygiene, drinking clean or filtered water, and practicing proper food handling can help prevent reinfection. Supportive care may involve hydration and nutritional support in cases of severe dehydration or malnutrition.