T86.22

Clinical Causes: Rejection of the transplanted heart by the immune system Infection affecting the heart tissue Coronary artery disease affecting the transplanted heart Chronic damage to the heart tissue from high blood pressure Medication-related side effects impairing heart function Underlying health conditions that may impact the transplanted heart Lifestyle factors such as smoking or poor diet

Key Symptoms: Shortness of breath, especially during activity or when lying down Persistent fatigue or weakness Swelling in the legs, ankles, or abdomen Rapid or irregular heartbeat Persistent cough or wheezing Unexpected weight gain due to fluid retention Dizziness or fainting episodes

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosing heart transplant failure involves a combination of medical assessments and diagnostic tests, including: - Echocardiogram to assess heart function and structure - Cardiac biopsy to detect rejection or tissue damage - Electrocardiogram (ECG) to monitor heart rhythm - Chest X-ray to examine heart size and lung condition - Blood tests to identify signs of rejection or infection - Cardiac MRI for detailed imaging of the heart’s tissues Healthcare professionals evaluate symptoms alongside test results to determine if the transplanted heart is functioning properly.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment strategies for heart transplant failure aim to improve heart function and address underlying causes, such as rejection or infection. Common approaches include: - Adjusting immunosuppressive medications to prevent or treat rejection - Using medications to help the heart pump more effectively, such as beta-blockers or ACE inhibitors - Managing fluid retention through diuretics - Treating infections with appropriate antibiotics or antivirals - Lifestyle modifications, such as diet and activity adjustments - In severe cases, additional surgical procedures or retransplantation may be considered Close monitoring by healthcare providers is essential for managing heart transplant failure successfully.