G43.4

Clinical Causes: Genetic mutations that affect neuronal channels and signaling pathways Inheritance patterns seen in familial cases, typically following autosomal dominant inheritance Environmental triggers such as stress, certain foods, hormonal changes, or weather variations Unknown causes in sporadic cases, which do not have a clear family history

Key Symptoms: Intense headache, often described as throbbing or pulsatile Temporary hemiplegia, which involves weakness or paralysis on one side of the body Aura symptoms such as visual disturbances (flashing lights, blind spots), tingling sensations, or speech difficulties Nausea and vomiting Sensitivity to light (photophobia) and sound (phonophobia) Dizziness or imbalance during episodes Prolonged neurological symptoms that may last hours to days

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of hemiplegic migraine involves a comprehensive clinical evaluation by a healthcare provider. This includes reviewing medical history, especially family history, and conducting neurological examinations. Imaging tests, such as MRI or CT scans, may be performed to rule out other causes like stroke. Diagnostic criteria also involve documenting the pattern of neurological symptoms associated with headache episodes. Genetic testing can be useful, particularly in familial cases, to identify specific gene mutations associated with the condition.

Treatment Protocols: Preventive medications such as calcium channel blockers, antiepileptic drugs, or certain antidepressants Acute treatments like pain relievers to alleviate headache pain during attacks Avoidance of known triggers, including stress management and lifestyle modifications Regular monitoring and follow-up with a healthcare provider to adjust treatment as needed Education on recognizing symptoms early and seeking prompt medical attention during severe episodes