H44.81

Clinical Causes: Eye trauma or injury, such as a blow to the eye or head Vascular diseases like diabetic retinopathy or hypertensive retinopathy Retinal tears or detachments Blood disorders, including bleeding or clotting abnormalities Infections affecting the eye Cancer affecting the eye or surrounding tissues

Key Symptoms: Sudden loss of vision or blurred vision Seeing floaters or dark spots in the vision Decreased field of vision or visual disturbances Pain or discomfort in or around the eye (in cases associated with trauma) Redness or swelling of the eye

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosing hemophthalmos involves a comprehensive eye examination by an ophthalmologist. The doctor will inspect the eye, measure visual acuity, and may utilize imaging techniques such as ultrasonography to assess the extent of blood accumulation inside the eye. A detailed medical history focusing on recent trauma or systemic health issues can help identify underlying causes. In some cases, additional tests to evaluate blood clotting or systemic vascular health might be recommended.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment of hemophthalmos aims to clear the blood from the vitreous humor, prevent further bleeding, and address any underlying conditions. Possible approaches include: - **Observation:** If the bleeding is minimal and vision is not severely affected, monitoring may be advised as the blood can gradually clear on its own. - **Vitrectomy:** In cases of extensive bleeding, a surgical procedure called vitrectomy might be necessary. This involves removing the blood and any vitreous gel to restore clearer vision. - **Treating underlying causes:** Managing systemic blood or vascular disorders, controlling blood sugar levels in diabetics, or treating eye injuries. - **Medications:** Anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, or medications to stabilize blood vessels might be prescribed. Follow-up care is critical to monitor healing progress and prevent complications such as recurrent bleeding or retinal detachment.