K31.2

Clinical Causes: Previous gastric surgeries, such as ulcer removal or bariatric procedures Chronic inflammation of the stomach lining (gastritis) Peptic ulcers that have led to scarring and narrowing Gastric cancer causing tissue constriction Infections that affect stomach tissue Congenital anomalies present from birth Radiation therapy involving the abdomen Ingestion of corrosive substances leading to scarring

Key Symptoms: Nausea and vomiting, especially after eating Early satiety, feeling full quickly Unintentional weight loss over time Abdominal pain or discomfort, often in the upper stomach Bloating and feeling of fullness Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) Regurgitation of food or liquids Signs of dehydration in severe cases

Diagnosis Path: Medical history review and physical examination focusing on digestive symptoms Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy to visualize the interior of the stomach and identify narrowing Barium swallow radiographs, which involve swallowing a barium solution to highlight the stomach’s shape and detect strictures Biopsy procedures during endoscopy if abnormal tissue or suspected malignancy is found Imaging studies such as CT scans or ultrasound to assess the extent of the stricture and look for underlying causes

Treatment Protocols: Endoscopic dilation to widen the narrowed stomach area Medications such as proton pump inhibitors or anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce inflammation and prevent further damage Surgical procedures, in cases where endoscopic methods are unsuccessful, which may involve removal of the strictured tissue or bypass surgery Management of underlying causes, including treatment of infections or malignancies Nutritional support or dietary modifications to ensure adequate nutrition and reduce discomfort Monitoring for potential complications, such as perforation or recurrent strictures