D73.5

Clinical Causes: Blood clot or embolism blocking splenic arteries Blood disorders such as sickle cell anemia or sickle cell disease causing vaso-occlusion Splenic artery aneurysm or other vascular abnormalities Infections leading to inflammation and thrombosis within the spleen Trauma or injury to the spleen (though nontraumatic is specified here, traumatic causes are separate) Underlying conditions such as cancer or vasculitis affecting blood vessels Torsion or twisting of the spleen (splenic torsion), which can impair blood flow

Key Symptoms: Sudden onset of sharp or stabbing pain in the upper left abdomen Pain that may radiate to the left shoulder or back Tenderness in the affected area upon physical examination Signs of internal bleeding such as dizziness, fainting, or a rapid heartbeat (in severe cases) Enlargement of the spleen which might be detected during a physical exam Fever or malaise, especially if infection is involved Symptoms associated with underlying causes, such as malaise in blood disorders

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosing splenic infarction involves a combination of clinical evaluation and imaging studies. Healthcare providers may perform physical examinations to identify tenderness or an enlarged spleen. Imaging tests such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are crucial in confirming the diagnosis. These imaging techniques can reveal areas of tissue death or infarction within the spleen and help identify related complications such as rupture or torsion. Blood tests may also be conducted to identify underlying causes like clotting disorders or infections.

Treatment Protocols: Management of splenic infarction depends on the severity and underlying cause. Treatment options may include: - Pain management with analgesics - Treating underlying conditions such as anticoagulation for blood clots - Hospitalization for close monitoring and supportive care - In cases of significant infarction, rupture, or ongoing bleeding, surgical intervention such as splenectomy (removal of spleen) may be necessary - Addressing complications like torsion, which may require emergency surgery - Infections may be treated with antibiotics if applicable Follow-up care involves monitoring for potential complications and managing underlying diseases to prevent recurrence.