K56.52

Clinical Causes: Previous abdominal or pelvic surgery, especially involving the intestines Abdominal infections, such as appendicitis or diverticulitis Abdominal trauma or injury Radiation therapy targeting the abdomen Inflammatory conditions affecting the intestines, like Crohn’s disease

Key Symptoms: Severe abdominal pain and cramping Bloating and a feeling of fullness Nausea and vomiting, often persistent Inability to pass gas or stool Abdominal distention due to trapped contents Signs of dehydration, such as dry mouth and decreased urination

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosing an intestinal adhesion with complete obstruction involves a combination of medical history review, physical examination, and imaging studies. Tests include: - **X-ray of the abdomen**: Reveals signs of bowel blockage, such as distended bowel loops and air-fluid levels. - **CT scan**: Provides detailed images that help identify the location and severity of the obstruction. - **Ultrasound**: Less commonly used but can sometimes assist in identifying adhesions or other causes. - **Laboratory tests**: Blood tests to monitor electrolyte levels, signs of infection, or dehydration.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment options depend on the severity of the obstruction. Approaches include: - **Hospitalization**: Patients are often admitted for close monitoring. - **NPO (nothing by mouth)**: To rest the bowel and prevent further blockage. - **IV fluids**: To correct dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. - **Nasogastric tube**: To remove stomach contents and reduce nausea. - **Surgery**: Usually required to remove or divide the adhesions obstructing the bowel once conservative measures are unsuccessful or if complications such as bowel ischemia occur. - **Post-operative care**: Focuses on preventing adhesion formation and monitoring for recurrence.