N28.0

Clinical Causes: Renal artery embolism, where a blood clot or other material blocks blood flow Renal artery thrombosis, a blood clot forming directly within the renal artery Renal artery blockage due to atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) Renal artery occlusion caused by plaque buildup or blood clots Renal artery compression from external pressure or tumors Injury or trauma leading to damage or blockage of renal blood vessels Rare cases of blood disorders increasing clotting risk, such as antiphospholipid syndrome

Key Symptoms: Sudden onset of severe flank pain Hematuria (blood in the urine) Nausea and vomiting Fever and chills if infection develops Decreased urine output or anuria in severe cases Elevated blood pressure Signs of kidney failure, such as swelling and fatigue

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of kidney ischemia and infarction involves a combination of clinical evaluation and diagnostic tests, which may include: - Blood tests to assess kidney function (e.g., serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen) - Urinalysis to detect abnormalities - Imaging studies such as Doppler ultrasound, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) to visualize blood flow and detect blockages - Angiography, an invasive test that provides detailed images of the renal arteries Prompt diagnosis is crucial for effective management and to minimize kidney damage.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment strategies focus on restoring blood flow and preventing further damage, including: - Anticoagulant medications to prevent clot formation or extension - Thrombolytic therapy to dissolve blood clots in select cases - Surgical intervention or endovascular procedures to remove obstructions or repair damaged arteries - Supportive management for kidney function, which may include dialysis in severe cases - Addressing underlying risk factors such as atherosclerosis or clotting disorders Early intervention is vital to salvage kidney tissue and preserve renal function.