B60.13

Clinical Causes: Exposure to contaminated water, such as swimming in natural bodies of water or using tap water to clean contact lenses Poor hygiene practices related to contact lens wear Using contaminated solutions for cleaning or storing contact lenses Injuries or trauma to the eye that introduce Acanthamoeba organisms Environmental exposure in areas with high levels of Acanthamoeba presence

Key Symptoms: Redness of the eye Pain or discomfort, often described as a gritty or foreign body sensation Blurred vision Sensitivity to light (photophobia) Tearing or increased tear production Eye swelling Presence of a ring-shaped corneal lesion (in some cases) Discharge from the eye, which may be watery or mucous-like

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a comprehensive eye examination by an ophthalmologist. The healthcare provider may identify characteristic signs such as corneal ulcers or infiltrates. Laboratory tests, including corneal scrapings or samples, can be examined microscopically or cultured to detect Acanthamoeba. Advanced diagnostic methods like PCR (polymerase chain reaction) may also be utilized for confirmation. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent severe complications and preserve vision.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment of keratoconjunctivitis caused by Acanthamoeba often includes a combination of medicated eye drops and oral medications. Antimicrobial agents specifically effective against Acanthamoeba are used to eradicate the organism. In some cases, additional therapies like oxygen therapy or surgical interventions, such as corneal transplantation, may be necessary if the infection causes extensive damage. Preventive measures, mainly related to proper contact lens hygiene, are key in reducing the risk of infection.