S37.33

Clinical Causes: Blunt or penetrating trauma to the pelvic area, such as car accidents or falls Pelvic fractures that damage the urethra Straddle injuries, where an object strikes the perineal area Surgical procedures involving the urethra or nearby organs Insertion of catheters or other medical instruments inappropriately or forcefully Gunshot or stab wounds to the pelvic region

Key Symptoms: Blood in the urine (hematuria) Difficulty urinating or a complete inability to urinate Pain or tenderness in the perineal area or lower abdomen Swelling or bruising near the genitals or perineum Urine leakage or spraying during urination Possible presence of urine in the scrotum or around the penis

Diagnosis Path: Healthcare professionals confirm aurethral laceration through a combination of physical examination and diagnostic tests such as ultrasound, retrograde urethrogram, or cystoscopy. The retrograde urethrogram involves injecting a contrast dye into the urethra and taking X-ray images to visualize the injury's extent. Accurate diagnosis is essential to determine the appropriate treatment plan and monitor healing progress.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment options focus on repairing the urethral tear and preventing complications. These may include: - **Conservative management:** Minor tears might heal with catheterization, which involves placing a catheter in the urethra to allow urine drainage and avoid pressure on the injury. - **Surgical repair:** Significant or complex lacerations usually require surgical intervention to correctly align and suture the torn tissues. - **Postoperative care:** Includes catheter management, antibiotics to prevent infection, and follow-up imaging to assess healing. Recovery depends on the severity of the injury, but adequate treatment helps restore normal function and reduces the risk of long-term complications like urethral strictures or incontinence.