S02.40B

Clinical Causes: Sports injuries, such as during boxing or contact sports Motor vehicle accidents leading to facial trauma Falls from height onto the face Physical assault causing direct impact to the cheek Industrial or workplace accidents involving facial injuries

Key Symptoms: Facial swelling on the affected side Pain and tenderness over the cheekbone Bruising around the cheek and eye area Flattening of the cheekbone appearance Numbness or tingling in the face due to nerve involvement Sunken appearance of the eye (enophthalmos) if the fracture extends into the orbit Difficulty opening the mouth or biting down

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a thorough physical examination by a healthcare professional, focusing on facial symmetry, swelling, and the range of motion. Imaging studies are essential to confirm the fracture, usually including: - **X-rays** of the facial bones - **Computed Tomography (CT) scan** for detailed visualization of the fracture pattern and involvement of surrounding structures The imaging helps determine whether the fracture is isolated or involves the orbital floor or other adjacent facial bones, guiding appropriate treatment planning.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment options depend on the severity and displacement of the fracture. They may include: - **Conservative management**: Observation, pain management, and advising on avoiding pressure on the injured side, suitable for non-displaced fractures. - **Surgical intervention**: Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) involves realigning the fractured bones and securing them with plates and screws, especially for displaced fractures or those causing functional or cosmetic issues. - **Post-treatment care**: These include managing swelling with ice, maintaining oral hygiene, and diet modifications such as soft foods to reduce strain. - **Follow-up**: Regular monitoring to ensure proper healing and addressing any complications like nerve damage or persistent deformity.