C71.4

Clinical Causes: Genetic mutations that lead to abnormal cell growth in brain tissue Exposure to harmful chemicals or radiation (e.g., previous radiation therapy to the head) A history of other cancers that may metastasize to the brain Certain inherited genetic conditions increasing brain tumor risk

Key Symptoms: Visual disturbances such as blurred vision or loss of vision Headaches, often worse in the morning or with physical activity Seizures or convulsions Nausea and vomiting Weakness or numbness in parts of the body Difficulty with coordination or balance Changes in mental status, such as confusion or personality shifts

Diagnosis Path: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): to obtain detailed images of the brain and identify tumor size, location, and characteristics Computed Tomography (CT) scan: often used for initial assessment or when MRI is contraindicated Biopsy: obtaining a tissue sample to confirm malignancy and determine the tumor type Neurological examinations: to assess visual and motor functions impacted by the tumor Additional tests as needed, such as PET scans or blood tests, to evaluate the extent of disease

Treatment Protocols: Surgery: surgical removal of the tumor whenever feasible, aiming to reduce tumor size and alleviate symptoms Radiation therapy: targeted radiation to destroy remaining cancer cells post-surgery or as primary treatment if surgery isn't an option Chemotherapy: use of drugs to kill or control cancer cells, often used in conjunction with other treatments Targeted therapy and immunotherapy: newer approaches focusing on the specific molecular features of the tumor Supportive care: managing symptoms, improving quality of life, and providing neurological rehabilitation