C72.20

Clinical Causes: Genetic mutations that cause uncontrolled growth of nerve cells Exposure to certain carcinogens or chemicals Previous radiation therapy near the head or neck Pre-existing genetic conditions increasing cancer risk Unknown factors in many cases, as specific causes are not clearly identified

Key Symptoms: Persistent or worsening loss of the sense of smell Unexplained headaches or facial pain Visual disturbances or changes in vision Nasal congestion or discharge that doesn’t improve Facial numbness or weakness Seizures or neurological deficits in advanced stages Swelling or mass in the nasal or sinus area Unintentional weight loss or fatigue

Diagnosis Path: Detailed medical history and physical examination, focusing on neurological and ENT (ear, nose, throat) assessments Imaging studies such as MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) or CT (Computed Tomography) scans to identify tumor location and extent Biopsy procedures to obtain tissue samples for histopathological examination, confirming malignancy Advanced imaging like PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scans may be employed for staging or detecting metastases Endoscopic examination of nasal passages and sinuses

Treatment Protocols: Surgical removal of the tumor, possibly through neurosurgical or ENT procedures, aiming to excise as much of the cancer as possible Radiation therapy, used either as the primary treatment or post-surgery to destroy residual cancer cells Chemotherapy, often reserved for advanced or metastatic cases, may be administered systemically or locally Targeted therapy and immunotherapy options are being explored in clinical trials for specific genetic mutations Supportive care to manage symptoms and improve quality of life, including pain management and neurological support