B05.81

Clinical Causes: The primary cause of measles keratitis and keratoconjunctivitis is infection with the measles virus (Measles morbillivirus). The virus is highly contagious and spreads through respiratory droplets from coughs and sneezes. The eye complications may develop during the acute phase of measles or weeks later as part of the immune response. In some cases, secondary bacterial infections may contribute to or exacerbate eye inflammation following measles.

Key Symptoms: Redness and inflammation of the conjunctiva (the clear tissue covering the white part of the eye). Pain or discomfort in the affected eye(s). Blurred vision or difficulty seeing clearly. Sensitivity to light (photophobia). Tearing or watery eyes. A sensation of grittiness or foreign body in the eye. Corneal ulcers or lesions in severe cases, which can threaten vision if untreated. Fever and general symptoms associated with measles may also be present.

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a comprehensive eye examination by an eye care professional. The clinician will assess symptoms, perform slit-lamp examination to visualize corneal and conjunctival inflammation, and may utilize laboratory tests such as blood tests or PCR to detect measles virus presence. Medical history, including recent measles infection or exposure, is also considered important for accurate diagnosis.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment strategies focus on alleviating symptoms, controlling inflammation, and preventing complications. Common approaches include: - Use of artificial tears and lubricating eye drops to reduce discomfort. - Application of topical corticosteroids to manage inflammation, under careful medical supervision. - Antibiotic eye drops or ointments if secondary bacterial infections are suspected. - Ensuring good eyelid hygiene and avoiding eye irritants. - Managing measles infection through supportive care, as antiviral treatments are generally not indicated. - Regular follow-up with healthcare providers to monitor healing and prevent or address any eye damage. Early intervention and appropriate care are essential to reduce the risk of long-term vision problems.