H16.05

Clinical Causes: The exact cause of Mooren's ulcer remains unknown, but it is believed to involve an autoimmune process where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks corneal tissue. It may be associated with other autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis or psoriasis. Environmental factors like exposure to trauma or infection might also play a role, though they are less common. Some cases are idiopathic, meaning they occur without an identifiable cause.

Key Symptoms: Gradual onset of eye pain and discomfort Redness and inflammation of the eye Blurred vision or decreased visual acuity Photophobia (sensitivity to light) Tearing or watery eyes A dull or aching sensation in the eye Progressive thinning and ulceration of the corneal tissue

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosing Mooren's ulcer involves a comprehensive eye examination by an ophthalmologist, including slit-lamp examination to observe the cornea's condition. The specialist may perform additional tests to rule out other causes of corneal ulceration, such as bacterial or viral keratitis. The absence of infectious organisms and the clinical appearance of a marginal, painless ulcer often support the diagnosis. Blood tests may be carried out to identify any underlying autoimmune disease.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment strategies aim to halt the immune-mediated damage and promote healing of the cornea. Common approaches include: - **Medical therapy:** - Topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation - Immunosuppressive drugs such as ciclosporin or methotrexate in more severe cases - Antimicrobial medications if secondary infection occurs - Lubricating eye drops to ease discomfort - **Surgical intervention:** - Corneal transplantation or tissue grafting may be necessary if the ulcer progresses significantly or if the eye's integrity is compromised. - Amniotic membrane transplantation can also be used to facilitate healing. Regular follow-up with an eye specialist is essential to monitor disease progression and response to treatment.