I44.3

Clinical Causes: Degeneration of the electrical conduction system of the heart, often related to aging Heart diseases such as myocardial infarction (heart attack) or myocarditis Electrolyte imbalances, including abnormal levels of potassium or calcium Medications that affect electrical conduction, such as certain beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or antiarrhythmic drugs Structural heart abnormalities or ischemic heart disease Congenital heart defects that affect the conduction pathways Infections that impact cardiac tissue, such as Lyme disease Surgical or invasive procedures involving the heart that may damage conduction pathways

Key Symptoms: Dizziness or lightheadedness Fainting spells (syncope) Fatigue or weakness Shortness of breath during exertion or even at rest Palpitations or a feeling of irregular heartbeat Chest discomfort or discomfort in the neck or jaw In some cases, no noticeable symptoms at all

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosing atrioventricular block involves a combination of medical history review, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is the primary tool used to identify the type and severity of the block. Additional tests may include Holter monitoring, event recorders, echocardiography, or advanced imaging techniques to assess heart structure and function. These evaluations help determine the underlying cause and guide management decisions.

Treatment Protocols: The treatment approach depends on the severity of the block and associated symptoms. Mild cases without symptoms may only require regular monitoring. When symptoms or risks are present, options include: - **Medications**: Adjusting or stopping drugs that impair conduction; in some cases, medications may be used to manage associated symptoms. - **Pacemaker implantation**: For significant or symptomatic blocks, a pacemaker may be recommended to help maintain a regular heart rhythm. - **Addressing underlying causes**: Treating heart disease, correcting electrolyte imbalances, or managing infections can improve or resolve the conduction problem. - **Lifestyle modifications**: Avoiding substances that might worsen conduction problems, such as certain medications or stimulants, under medical guidance. Follow-up care is essential to ensure appropriate management and to monitor for potential complications.