M51.362

Clinical Causes: Aging process leading to natural wear and tear of spinal discs Repeated spinal stress or injury from physical activities or accidents Genetic predisposition to disc degeneration Poor posture or improper body mechanics Obesity increasing pressure on the lower back Smoking, which impairs blood flow to spinal tissues Lack of regular exercise contributing to weaker spinal support Previous spinal surgeries or trauma

Key Symptoms: Persistent dull or aching pain in the lower back (axial back pain) Pain that worsens with activity or prolonged sitting Radiating pain down one or both legs (sciatica) Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs or feet Reduced ability to move or bend the lower back comfortably Discomfort that worsens with certain movements or positions In some cases, a feeling of stiffness in the lower back Referred pain in areas supplied by affected nerves (sclerotomal pain)

Diagnosis Path: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to visualize disc degeneration and nerve involvement X-rays to assess bone and disc space narrowing Computed Tomography (CT) scans for detailed spinal structure analysis Clinical evaluation for pain distribution, neurological deficits, and functional limitations

Treatment Protocols: Conservative therapies such as physical therapy to strengthen supporting muscles and improve flexibility Pain management with medications like NSAIDs or acetaminophen Epidural steroid injections to reduce inflammation and nerve pain Lifestyle modifications including weight management and activity adjustments Use of assistive devices or braces as recommended by healthcare providers In some cases, minimally invasive procedures like disc decompression or nerve blocks In severe cases, surgical options may be considered, such as disc removal or spinal fusion