H81.3

Clinical Causes: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV): a common inner ear disorder caused by displaced otoliths within the semicircular canals. Labyrinthitis: inflammation of the inner ear labyrinth, often due to viral infections. Vestibular neuritis: inflammation of the vestibular nerve, frequently following viral infections. Meniere’s disease: a disorder characterized by abnormal fluid buildup in the inner ear, leading to vertigo episodes. Other inner ear conditions resulting in disruption of normal balance signals.

Key Symptoms: Episodes of vertigo that may last from seconds to minutes Dizziness or a spinning sensation Nausea and sometimes vomiting during vertigo attacks Unsteadiness or imbalance when walking or standing Hearing loss or ringing in the ears (less common, but associated with certain conditions like Meniere’s disease) Sensitivity to head movements

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosing other peripheral vertigo involves a comprehensive clinical assessment, including detailed medical history and physical examination. Specific tests may include: - Vestibular function tests like ENG (Electronystagmography) or VNG (Videonystagmography) - Head impulse test - Imaging studies such as MRI to rule out central causes - Audiometry to assess any associated hearing deficits The goal is to differentiate peripheral vertigo from other types, especially central vertigo, which requires different management.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment approaches focus on alleviating symptoms and addressing underlying causes, which may include: - Vestibular rehabilitation therapy to improve balance and reduce dizziness - Canalith repositioning maneuvers (like the Epley maneuver) for BPPV - Medications such as antihistamines, anticholinergics, or anti-nausea drugs to manage vertigo episodes - Managing underlying conditions like Meniere’s disease with dietary modifications (such as low salt intake) - Encouraging safety precautions to prevent falls during episodes Persistent or recurrent cases might require a multidisciplinary approach involving ENT specialists and vestibular therapists.