M53.86

Clinical Causes: Degenerative disc disease in the lumbar spine Spinal osteoarthritis (spondylosis) Hereditary spinal structural abnormalities Previous spinal injuries or trauma Poor posture or ergonomic habits Repetitive strain or heavy lifting Infections or inflammatory conditions affecting the spine Congenital spinal deformities

Key Symptoms: Lower back pain that may worsen with activity or movement Stiffness in the lumbar region, especially after periods of inactivity Radiculopathy, including shooting pain, numbness, or tingling sensation radiating down the legs Reduced flexibility or range of motion in the lower back Muscle weakness in the legs or feet Difficulty standing or walking for extended periods Localized swelling or tenderness in the lumbar area

Diagnosis Path: X-rays to assess bony structures and joint spaces Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to evaluate soft tissues, discs, and nerves Computed Tomography (CT) scans for detailed bone imaging Additional tests like bone scans or laboratory tests if inflammation or infection is suspected

Treatment Protocols: Physical therapy focusing on strengthening and flexibility exercises Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain relief Muscle relaxants to reduce spasm Heat or cold therapy for symptom relief Epidural steroid injections in some cases to reduce inflammation Lifestyle modifications such as weight management and ergonomic adjustments Surgical options like spinal decompression or fusion, reserved for cases with significant nerve compression or instability