M06.849

Clinical Causes: Genetic predisposition, which may make some individuals more susceptible to autoimmune reactions Environmental factors such as smoking or exposure to certain pollutants Hormonal influences, especially in women, as rheumatoid arthritis is more common among females Previous infections that may trigger autoimmune responses Unknown factors, as the exact cause of rheumatoid arthritis remains partly elusive

Key Symptoms: Persistent joint pain in the hands Swelling and tenderness around the joints Stiffness, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity Reduced grip strength and dexterity Warmth and redness over the affected joints Decreased range of motion in the fingers and hands Joint deformities in advanced cases General fatigue and malaise

Diagnosis Path: Medical history examination focusing on symptom duration and progression Physical assessment of joint swelling, warmth, and deformities Blood tests such as rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-CCP antibodies, and markers of inflammation like ESR and CRP Imaging studies, including X-rays, ultrasound, and MRI, to evaluate joint damage and inflammation Exclusion of other types of arthritis or joint conditions to confirm the diagnosis

Treatment Protocols: Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), such as methotrexate, to slow disease progression Biologic agents that target specific components of the immune system Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation Corticosteroids for short-term relief of severe symptoms Physical and occupational therapy to improve joint function and reduce stiffness Regular exercise to maintain joint mobility and muscle strength Lifestyle modifications, including smoking cessation and a balanced diet Surgical interventions in cases with severe joint damage, such as joint replacement or repair