H43.3

Clinical Causes: Aging-related changes leading to the shrinkage and liquefaction of the vitreous gel. Vitreous hemorrhage due to bleeding within the eye caused by injuries or vascular issues. Posterior vitreous detachment, which occurs when the vitreous gel separates from the retina. Fibrous or cellular deposits resulting from inflammatory processes or infections. Degenerative eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy or retinitis pigmentosa. Previous eye trauma or injury that leaves residues in the vitreous cavity. Retinal tears or detachments leading to the formation of opacities. Presence of inflammatory debris from uveitis or other ocular inflammations. Development of asteroid hyalosis, characterized by calcium-fatty deposits. Choroidal neovascularization, which can cause abnormal deposits in the vitreous.

Key Symptoms: Floaters that appear as small dots, threads, or cobweb-like shapes crossing the field of vision. Haloes or shadows around lights, especially noticeable in low light conditions. Occasional flashes of light caused by vitreous detachment or traction. Blurred or reduced vision if opacities are large or numerous. Varying intensity of visual disturbances depending on the size and location of opacities. No symptoms in some cases where opacities are small or located away from the central vision area.

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves a comprehensive eye examination by an ophthalmologist, including slit-lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy. These tests allow detailed visualization of the vitreous and retina. Imaging techniques such as ultrasound B-scan are often used to assess opacities when view within the eye is unclear. Identifying the cause often requires additional tests to evaluate underlying eye conditions or systemic health issues.

Treatment Protocols: Management varies depending on the cause and severity of the opacities. In many cases, if the opacities do not significantly interfere with vision, observation and routine monitoring may be recommended. When visual impairment is considerable or vision is affected, treatment options include: - Vitrectomy: A surgical procedure to remove the vitreous gel along with the opacities, often replaced with a saline solution. - Addressing underlying causes, such as treating retinal tears, hemorrhages, or inflammation. - Laser therapy: Occasionally used to seal retinal tears or coagulate abnormal blood vessels. It is essential to discuss individual cases with an eye care professional to determine the most appropriate course of action.