G82.21

Clinical Causes: Traumatic injuries from accidents such as falls, car or motorcycle crashes, or sports injuries that damage the spinal cord in the thoracic or lumbar region. Spinal cord tumors that compress or invade the spinal cord tissue. Infections like meningitis or epidural abscesses causing inflammation and damage. Degenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis or spinal stenosis leading to nerve deterioration. Congenital conditions like spina bifida that cause abnormal development of the spinal cord. Vascular disorders including spinal cord strokes or hemorrhages. Physical trauma from direct impact or penetrating injuries to the back or lower spine.

Key Symptoms: Complete loss of voluntary movement in the legs and hips. Absence of sensation below the level of injury, including touch, pain, temperature, and proprioception. Impaired bowel and bladder control, potentially resulting in incontinence. Muscle weakness or paralysis in the lower extremities. Possible signs of spinal shock such as flaccidity and loss of reflexes immediately following injury. Potential respiratory complications if the injury level affects respiratory muscles in higher thoracic levels.

Diagnosis Path: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides detailed images of soft tissues, allowing assessment of spinal cord damage. Computed Tomography (CT) scans help identify fractures, dislocations, or bone abnormalities compressing the spinal cord. X-rays may reveal structural issues but are less detailed than MRI or CT. Neurological assessments and evoked potentials assist in evaluating nerve function.

Treatment Protocols: Emergency stabilization of the spine to prevent additional injury, which may involve surgery or immobilization. High-dose corticosteroids administered shortly after injury to reduce inflammation and swelling. Surgical procedures to decompress the spinal cord or stabilize the spine if necessary. Rehabilitation programs focusing on mobility, strength, and independence, including physical and occupational therapy. Management of secondary complications such as pressure ulcers, urinary tract infections, and blood clots. Assistive devices like wheelchairs, braces, and adaptive equipment to enhance mobility and daily functioning. Psychosocial support and counseling to help cope with emotional and psychological impacts of the condition.