H16.251

Clinical Causes: Hypersensitive reaction to bacterial antigens, especially from tuberculosis or staphylococcal bacteria Previous or current infections involving the eye or skin Chronic blepharitis or eyelid inflammation Exposure to environmental irritants or allergens that provoke eye inflammation Compromised immune response that heightens susceptibility to inflammatory reactions

Key Symptoms: Redness and swelling of the conjunctiva (the clear tissue covering the white part of the eye) and cornea Presence of small, raised, white or yellowish nodules (phlyctenules) on the conjunctiva or cornea, often near the corneal margin Tearing or watery eyes Sensitivity to light (photophobia) Foreign body sensation or irritation in the affected eye Mild to moderate eye pain or discomfort Blurred vision in some cases, particularly if the cornea is involved

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosing phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis involves a comprehensive eye examination by an ophthalmologist. Key steps include: - Visual acuity testing to assess any impact on vision. - Slit-lamp examination to identify phlyctenules and evaluate inflammation. - Assessment of the cornea and conjunctiva for characteristic lesions. - Medical history review to uncover any recent infections, allergies, or prior eye conditions. - Additional tests, such as ocular cultures or Mantoux test for tuberculosis, may be performed if an infectious cause is suspected.

Treatment Protocols: Management of phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis focuses on reducing inflammation, treating underlying causes, and alleviating symptoms. Typical approaches include: - Topical corticosteroid eye drops to decrease inflammation. - Antibiotic eye drops or ointments if bacterial infection is suspected or confirmed. - Lubricating eye drops to soothe irritation and protect the eye. - Identification and treatment of underlying infections or systemic conditions, such as tuberculosis. - Good eyelid hygiene and avoidance of environmental irritants. - Regular follow-up appointments to monitor healing and prevent complications. In some cases, oral medications or further medical intervention may be necessary if the condition persists or worsens.