H16.259

Clinical Causes: Tuberculosis infection, particularly in individuals with latent or active TB Staphylococcal skin or eye infections Other bacterial infections leading to immune reactions Exposure to irritants or environmental factors that trigger immune responses Extended contact lens use or ocular injury may predispose some individuals

Key Symptoms: Redness and inflammation of the conjunctiva (the membrane covering the white part of the eye) Presence of small, raised nodules (phlyctenules) on the conjunctiva or cornea Tearing or watery eyes Discomfort or a sensation of grittiness Sensitivity to light (photophobia) Mild blurred vision if the cornea becomes involved Localized pain or irritation due to the inflamed tissue

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis primarily involves a thorough eye examination by an eye specialist, who will look for characteristic signs such as phlyctenules. The doctor may also review the patient's medical history for recent infections or other risk factors. In some cases, additional tests, like skin testing for tuberculosis or laboratory analysis of ocular samples, may be conducted to identify underlying causes and confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment Protocols: Managing phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis usually includes addressing both the inflammation and the underlying cause. Common approaches involve: - Use of topical corticosteroid eye drops to reduce inflammation and ease symptoms - Antibiotic eye drops or ointments if a bacterial infection is suspected or confirmed - Treatment of any underlying infection, such as tuberculosis, with appropriate medications - Lubricating eye drops to soothe irritation - Avoiding environmental irritants and contact lens use during active phases In some cases, systemic therapy might be necessary, especially if an associated systemic infection is diagnosed. Regular follow-up with an eye specialist is essential to monitor healing and prevent complications.