H16.13

Clinical Causes: Prolonged exposure to UV rays from sunlight, especially in snowy or high-altitude environments where UV reflection is intense. Intense artificial UV exposure, such as from welding arcs, ultraviolet lamps, or germicidal lamps. Inadequate eye protection during activities like welding, skiing, snowboarding, or mountaineering. Accidental exposure to UV light from tanning beds or other UV-emitting devices.

Key Symptoms: A feeling of grit or foreign body sensation in the eyes. Photophobia, or sensitivity to light, which can cause discomfort in well-lit environments. Redness and swelling of the conjunctiva and eyelids. Tearing and watery eyes. Blurred vision or halos around lights. Pain in the eyes, which can range from mild to severe. A sensation of dryness or burning in the eyes.

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of photokeratitis is primarily based on the patient's history of UV exposure and clinical examination. An ophthalmologist may look for signs of corneal inflammation, redness, and epithelial disruption. In some cases, fluorescein dye might be applied to the eye's surface, which highlights areas of corneal damage under a blue light. No specific laboratory tests are typically required, but ruling out other eye conditions is important.

Treatment Protocols: Management of photokeratitis focuses on relieving symptoms and promoting healing. Common treatments include: - Resting the eyes and avoiding further UV exposure. - Using lubricating eye drops or artificial tears to soothe irritation. - Applying cold compresses to reduce swelling and discomfort. - Using topical anesthetic eye drops for pain relief, under medical supervision. - In severe cases, antibiotics or steroid eye drops may be prescribed to prevent secondary infections or reduce inflammation. - Wearing protective sunglasses or goggles that block UV rays during recovery and future exposure. Most cases resolve within 24 to 48 hours with appropriate management, and vision typically returns to normal without lasting damage. Preventive measures, such as wearing UV-blocking sunglasses outdoors and protective eyewear during welding or other UV-intensive activities, are essential to avoid recurrence.