T37.2X2

Clinical Causes: Intentional overdose of antimalarial drugs due to mental health issues or suicidal intent Misuse of medications, either by taking higher doses than prescribed or using them without medical guidance Self-harm behaviors involving drugs aimed at treating blood protozoal infections Inadvertent overdose resulting from confusion regarding medication dosage, although in this context it is classified as intentional self-harm Psychological conditions such as depression, anxiety, or other mental health disorders leading to self-poisoning

Key Symptoms: Nausea and vomiting Abdominal pain and cramping Dizziness or lightheadedness Weakness or fatigue Confusion or disorientation Respiratory difficulties Loss of consciousness Seizures in severe cases Signs of organ damage, such as liver or kidney impairment Potential cardiac arrhythmias

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves a comprehensive medical evaluation including patient history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Blood tests can detect the presence and levels of antimalarial drugs or other blood protozoa medications. Additional assessments may include kidney and liver function tests, electrocardiogram (ECG) to monitor heart rhythm, and other investigations to assess the extent of toxicity and organ involvement. Mental health evaluation is also essential given the intentional nature of the poisoning.

Treatment Protocols: Initial treatment focuses on stabilizing the patient's vital signs and preventing further absorption of the toxins. This may include activated charcoal administration and supportive care such as intravenous fluids. Specific antidotes are not commonly available for many antimalarials, so treatment often involves symptomatic management and monitoring. In severe cases, interventions such as dialysis may be necessary to remove toxins. Psychiatric evaluation and mental health support are crucial components to address underlying factors leading to self-harm and to prevent recurrence.