T45.522

Clinical Causes: Intentional self-harm or suicide attempt involving antithrombotic medications Psychological conditions such as depression or other mental health disorders Misuse or overdose of antithrombotic drugs due to misunderstanding of medication instructions Access to medications without proper supervision or restrictions

Key Symptoms: Unusual or excessive bleeding, such as bleeding gums, nosebleeds, or blood in urine or stool Signs of internal bleeding like abdominal pain, dizziness, or weakness Bruising more easily than usual Signs of anemia such as fatigue or pallor Confusion or altered mental state in severe cases

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves a comprehensive medical evaluation including a detailed history of medication intake, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Blood tests such as coagulation profiles (e.g., INR, PT, aPTT) can confirm bleeding tendencies and help assess the severity of poisoning. Additional investigations may include blood counts and imaging studies to identify internal bleeding or complications.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment for poisoning by antithrombotic drugs focuses on stabilizing the patient, reversing the effects of the medication, and preventing complications. Approaches include: - Discontinuation of the offending medication - Administration of specific antidotes when available, such as vitamin K for warfarin overdose - Use of active charcoal if ingestion occurred recently - Supportive care including blood transfusions if significant bleeding occurs - Monitoring coagulation parameters closely - Managing symptoms and complications as they arise Psychological evaluation and support are crucial for addressing the underlying causes of self-harm, and appropriate mental health interventions should be coordinated as part of overall care.