O10.313

Clinical Causes: Chronic hypertension present before pregnancy Underlying cardiovascular disease or kidney disease Genetic factors that predispose to high blood pressure and organ disease Lifestyle factors such as poor diet, lack of physical activity, obesity, and smoking Other medical conditions like diabetes or autoimmune disorders that contribute to organ stress

Key Symptoms: Elevated blood pressure readings in the third trimester Swelling or edema in legs, ankles, or hands Fatigue or shortness of breath Chest pain or discomfort Headaches or visual disturbances Nausea or reduced urine output Signs of fluid retention and weight gain

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a comprehensive medical history review and physical examination. Healthcare providers will measure blood pressure regularly and perform laboratory tests to assess kidney function (such as blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels), cardiac health, and to detect any signs of organ damage. Additional imaging studies like echocardiograms may be used to evaluate heart function. Regular fetal monitoring, including ultrasounds and non-stress tests, helps ensure the wellbeing of the baby.

Treatment Protocols: Management strategies focus on controlling blood pressure to minimize risks of complications. This may include the use of antihypertensive medications deemed safe during pregnancy. Close monitoring of both maternal health and fetal development is essential. Lifestyle modifications, such as a low-sodium diet, adequate rest, and avoiding excessive physical exertion, can support overall health. In some cases, hospitalization may be necessary for more intensive management, and early delivery may be considered if maternal or fetal health becomes compromised. Coordination between obstetricians, cardiologists, and nephrologists ensures a comprehensive approach to care.