R73.03

Clinical Causes: Insulin resistance, where the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin Overweight or obesity, especially excess fat around the abdomen Inactivity or a sedentary lifestyle Unhealthy dietary habits, such as high intake of processed foods and sugars Genetic factors, including a family history of diabetes Certain medical conditions, like high blood pressure and abnormal cholesterol levels Age, with increased risk as people grow older

Key Symptoms: Often no noticeable symptoms in the early stages Increased hunger Fatigue or tiredness Frequent urination Increased thirst Blurred vision Darkening of skin in certain areas, like the neck or armpits

Diagnosis Path: Prediabetes is typically diagnosed through blood tests, including: - Fasting blood sugar test (FBG): measures blood glucose after an overnight fast - Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): evaluates blood sugar levels before and after consuming a sugary drink - Hemoglobin A1c test: provides an average blood sugar level over the past 2-3 months Results indicating higher-than-normal blood sugar levels but below diabetic thresholds suggest prediabetes. Regular screening is recommended for individuals at risk.

Treatment Protocols: Managing prediabetes involves lifestyle modifications aimed at lowering blood sugar levels and reducing the risk of developing diabetes: - Adopting a balanced diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins - Reducing intake of processed foods, sugary drinks, and refined carbohydrates - Engaging in regular physical activity, such as brisk walking, cycling, or swimming - Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight - Monitoring blood sugar levels as advised by a healthcare professional - Considering behavioral counseling or support groups to encourage healthy habits In some cases, healthcare providers may recommend medications to help control blood sugar levels, especially if lifestyle changes alone are insufficient.