H10.22

Clinical Causes: Bacterial infections, especially those caused by *Corynebacterium diphtheriae* or other bacteria that can produce pseudomembrane formations Viral infections, such as adenovirus or herpes simplex virus, which can lead to inflammation of the conjunctiva Allergic reactions to environmental allergens like pollen, dust, or pet dander Exposure to irritants, including smoke, chemicals, or pollutants Secondary infections following other eye conditions or injuries

Key Symptoms: Redness of the eye Tearing or excessive watery discharge Formation of a thick, grayish or white pseudomembrane on the conjunctiva Mild to severe discomfort or a gritty sensation in the eye Swelling of the eyelids Sensitivity to light (photophobia) Possible blurred vision due to discharge or inflammation Eye tenderness or a feeling of pressure

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical examination by an eye care professional. The doctor will observe the characteristic pseudomembrane covering the conjunctiva, often using eye drops or stains to assess the severity. Additional tests, such as swabs or cultures, might be performed to identify infectious agents, especially if bacterial causes are suspected. In some cases, further investigations are needed to rule out underlying systemic conditions or specific infections.

Treatment Protocols: Management of pseudomembranous conjunctivitis depends on the underlying cause. Common approaches include: - **For bacterial infections:** Use of antibiotic eye drops or ointments to eliminate the bacteria - **For viral infections:** Supportive care with artificial tears, cold compresses, and in some cases antiviral medications - **For allergic reactions:** Antihistamine eye drops or oral antihistamines, along with avoiding known allergens - **General care:** Maintaining good eye hygiene, avoiding touching or rubbing the eyes, and practicing proper handwashing In some situations, removal of the pseudomembrane may be performed carefully by a healthcare professional to reduce discomfort and improve healing. Follow-up visits are important to monitor progress and prevent complications.