M54.10

Clinical Causes: Herniated or slipped discs in the spine Spinal degenerative disc disease Spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal) Injuries resulting from trauma or accidents Tumors or growths pressing on nerve roots Infections affecting the spine Poor posture leading to nerve compression Repeated strenuous activities or overuse Genetic conditions influencing spinal health

Key Symptoms: Pain that radiates from the neck or lower back into the arms or legs Numbness or tingling sensations in the affected limbs Muscle weakness in the area served by the pinched nerve Loss of reflexes in the limb Difficulty moving or controlling muscles in the affected region Sensory changes such as altered sensation to touch or temperature Often symptoms are aggravated by certain movements or positions In some cases, symptoms may be intermittent or persistent

Diagnosis Path: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Provides detailed images of soft tissues, including nerve roots and discs Computed Tomography (CT) scan: Offers cross-sectional views of the spine, especially useful if MRI is contraindicated X-rays: Help identify bone abnormalities or degenerative changes Electrodiagnostic tests (EMG and nerve conduction studies): Assess nerve and muscle function

Treatment Protocols: Rest and activity modification to reduce nerve irritation Physical therapy to strengthen supporting muscles and improve spinal stability Medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), pain relievers, or muscle relaxants Epidural steroid injections to decrease inflammation around the affected nerve root Alternative therapies like acupuncture or chiropractic care In cases where conservative treatments are ineffective, surgical options such as discectomy or spinal decompression may be considered Post-treatment rehabilitation to restore mobility and strength