A25.9

Clinical Causes: Being bitten or scratched by infected rats or other rodents Handling rodents that carry the bacteria without proper precautions Contact with environments contaminated with rodent urine or droppings that contain bacteria Rarely, consuming food or water contaminated by infected rodents

Key Symptoms: Fever and chills Muscle aches and joint pain Headaches A rash that appears usually on the face, chest, or limbs Swollen lymph nodes Sores or ulcers at the site of the bite or scratch Malaise or General feeling of being unwell In severe cases, complications such as inflammation of the heart, liver, or brain

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosing rat-bite fever involves a combination of medical history, symptoms review, and laboratory tests. A healthcare professional may perform blood tests to detect the bacteria. Culturing bacteria from blood or tissue samples or using advanced techniques like PCR (polymerase chain reaction) can help confirm the infection. It is important for patients to inform their healthcare provider if they have had recent rodent bites or exposure to environments where rodents are present.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment typically involves antibiotics, which are effective in eliminating the infection. Common options include penicillin or doxycycline. Early treatment is essential to prevent complications. Along with medication, supportive care such as rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to relieve symptoms may be recommended. Prompt medical attention and adherence to the prescribed treatment plan are important for recovery.