H11.062

Clinical Causes: Chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) sunlight Environmental factors like wind, dust, and dry climates Previous pterygium surgery with incomplete removal Genetic predisposition Recurrent trauma or eye irritation

Key Symptoms: Visible triangular growth on the conjunctiva extending onto the cornea Redness and inflammation of the affected eye A feeling of dryness or irritation Blurred vision if the growth encroaches on the visual axis Cosmetic concerns due to noticeable eye appearance Recurrences after previous surgical treatment

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis is primarily based on a comprehensive eye examination by an ophthalmologist. The clinician visualizes the abnormal tissue growth on the conjunctiva and cornea. Additional tests may include slit-lamp examination to assess the extent of the pterygium and rule out other eye conditions. In some cases, assessments of eye dryness or UV exposure history assist in understanding contributing factors. The diagnosis relies on characteristic appearance and history as there are no specific lab tests for pterygium.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment strategies focus on managing symptoms and preventing progression. Options include: - **Observation:** For small, asymptomatic pterygia, regular monitoring may suffice. - **Medical therapy:** Use of lubricating eye drops or anti-inflammatory medications to alleviate irritation. - **Surgical removal:** Indicated for significant growth affecting vision or causing discomfort. Surgical options involve excision of the pterygium, often combined with measures to reduce recurrence, such as conjunctival autografting or applying adjunctive therapies. - **Recurrence prevention:** Postoperative strategies include the use of medications like mitomycin C or limbal autografts to lower the chances of pterygium returning. Follow-up care is vital after surgical removal to identify any signs of recurrence early and to address complications promptly.