H11.009

Clinical Causes: Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) sunlight without eye protection Environmental factors such as wind, dust, and dry conditions Chronic irritation or inflammation of the eye Genetic predisposition in some individuals Living in areas with high sunlight exposure or high altitude

Key Symptoms: A visible, raised growth on the conjunctiva that may extend onto the cornea Redness and inflammation around the affected area Sensation of irritation, grittiness, or dryness in the eye A feeling of a foreign body in the eye Possible blurred vision if the growth encroaches onto the central cornea In some cases, the pterygium remains small and asymptomatic

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis is primarily based on an eye examination by an ophthalmologist or optometrist. During the exam, the healthcare professional will inspect the eye for the characteristic wedge-shaped growth on the conjunctiva. Sometimes, a slit-lamp microscope is used to examine the lesion more closely, assess its extent, and determine if it encroaches onto the cornea. No specific laboratory tests are typically required, but the clinician may perform additional tests if other eye conditions are suspected.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment options depend on the size and impact of the pterygium. For small and asymptomatic growths, observation and regular monitoring may be sufficient. When the pterygium causes discomfort, vision problems, or cosmetic concerns, treatment options include: - **Medication:** Eye drops or ointments containing lubricants or anti-inflammatory agents can help alleviate irritation and inflammation. - **Surgical removal:** If the pterygium encroaches onto the cornea and affects vision or causes significant discomfort, surgical excision may be recommended. The procedure involves removing the growth and may include measures to prevent recurrence, such as applying grafts or medication. - **Postoperative care:** After surgery, patients may need eye drops to prevent infection and reduce inflammation. Follow-up visits are essential to monitor healing and detect any signs of recurrence.