Q60.2

Clinical Causes: Genetic mutations or inherited factors Disruptions in the normal embryonic development of the urinary system Environmental influences during pregnancy, such as exposure to certain medications or toxins Presence of other congenital anomalies affecting the urinary tract

Key Symptoms: Often asymptomatic in unilateral cases, with normal kidney function Possible high blood pressure Swelling in the legs or ankles due to fluid retention In cases of bilateral renal agenesis, symptoms may include severe kidney failure shortly after birth, leading to fluid imbalance and breathing difficulties Detectable urinary or renal anomalies during prenatal ultrasounds or postnatal examinations

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of renal agenesis typically involves imaging studies such as prenatal ultrasound, which can identify absent kidneys before birth. Postnatal confirmation may include ultrasound imaging, MRI, or CT scans. Further assessments might be performed to evaluate overall kidney function and look for associated anomalies. Genetic testing may also be considered if a hereditary cause is suspected.

Treatment Protocols: Management strategies focus on monitoring kidney function and addressing any complications. In cases of unilateral renal agenesis, no treatment may be needed if kidney function remains normal. For bilateral agenesis, supportive care includes dialysis or kidney transplantation as necessary, often requiring a multidisciplinary approach. Treating associated anomalies and managing hypertension are also important aspects of care.