R09.2

Clinical Causes: Severe respiratory infections such as pneumonia or bronchitis Obstruction of the airway due to choking, swelling, or foreign objects Severe trauma to the chest or head Drug overdose, especially with sedatives, opioids, or anesthetics Heart conditions leading to inadequate blood flow and oxygen delivery Neurological issues such as stroke, brain injury, or neuromuscular disorders that impair breathing Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) causing airway swelling Chronic respiratory diseases such as COPD or severe asthma attacks Electrocution or exposure to toxic chemicals Certain medical procedures or surgeries that affect respiratory control

Key Symptoms: Loss of consciousness Lack of breathing or very shallow breaths Cyanosis, or a bluish tint to the lips, face, or extremities Absence of a pulse Weak or no response to stimulation Gasping or irregular breathing patterns in the moments just before arrest Sudden chest wall movement or inability to speak

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of respiratory arrest is typically made based on clinical observation. Medical professionals assess the patient for signs of breathing cessation, impaired consciousness, and the absence of a pulse. Equipment such as pulse oximeters or capnography may be used to confirm a lack of oxygen flow and carbon dioxide removal. Medical history and potential triggering events are also considered to determine underlying causes and related conditions.

Treatment Protocols: Performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to maintain circulation and oxygenation Providing airway management, such as opening blocked airways or inserting an airway device Administering oxygen through masks or advanced airway systems Using defibrillators if cardiac arrest accompanies respiratory arrest Treating underlying causes, such as administering antidotes for drug overdoses or managing airway obstructions Emergency medical transportation to hospital facilities for advanced care and stabilization