I07.2

Clinical Causes: Rheumatic fever, often triggered by untreated or inadequately treated strep throat or scarlet fever, damages the heart valves over time. Repeated episodes of rheumatic fever can lead to progressive deterioration of the tricuspid valve. Genetic susceptibility may influence the severity of valve damage. Other less common causes include infections or conditions that cause inflammation of the heart tissues.

Key Symptoms: Swelling in the abdomen, legs, or neck due to fluid retention Fatigue or weakness, especially during physical activity Irregular heartbeats or palpitations Shortness of breath, particularly during exertion or when lying down Engorged neck veins Coughing or wheezing, sometimes with blood-tinged sputum Ascites, which is fluid accumulation in the abdomen

Diagnosis Path: Physical examination to detect abnormal heart sounds or murmurs indicative of valve dysfunction. Imaging tests such as echocardiography help visualize the tricuspid valve's structure and function, allowing physicians to assess the extent of stenosis or insufficiency. Electrocardiograms (ECG) can reveal arrhythmias associated with the condition. Additional tests like chest X-rays may be used to evaluate heart size and detect fluid buildup. Blood tests may also be performed to identify signs of ongoing inflammation or past rheumatic fever.

Treatment Protocols: Medications such as diuretics to reduce fluid buildup, vasodilators to ease blood flow, and medications to control heart rate or rhythm. In some cases, antibiotics might be used if an active infection is present or to prevent recurrent rheumatic fever. Severe cases where symptoms persist or worsen despite medical therapy may require surgical intervention, such as valve repair or replacement. Endocarditis prophylaxis may also be recommended for patients at risk to prevent infections of the heart valves. Lifestyle modifications, including salt restriction and regular monitoring, play a supportive role in managing the condition.