M06.212

Clinical Causes: Primary cause is rheumatoid arthritis, which triggers inflammation in the bursae of the shoulder. Chronic autoimmune response resulting in persistent inflammation. Previous joint trauma or injury that increases vulnerability. Persistent strain or overuse of the shoulder joint. Other underlying inflammatory or autoimmune conditions.

Key Symptoms: Pain in the shoulder that worsens with movement or activity. Swelling and tenderness over the affected area. Limited range of motion in the shoulder joint. A feeling of warmth or increased temperature around the area. Possible redness visible on the skin over the affected bursa. Persistent discomfort that may affect daily activities.

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves a combination of physical examination and medical history review. A healthcare provider assesses pain points, swelling, and range of motion. Imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI can be used to visualize inflammation or detect fluid accumulation in the bursa. Blood tests, including rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP antibodies, may support the diagnosis of underlying rheumatoid arthritis. Occasionally, a sample of the bursal fluid may be taken to rule out infection or other causes.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment aims to reduce inflammation, alleviate pain, and restore shoulder function. Approaches include: - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to decrease inflammation and relieve pain. - Corticosteroid injections directly into the bursa for quick relief. - Physical therapy exercises to strengthen shoulder muscles and improve range of motion. - Rest and activity modification to prevent aggravation. - Managing underlying rheumatoid arthritis with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or biologics. - In severe or persistent cases, surgical options like bursa removal or joint repair may be considered. Additionally, addressing overall rheumatoid disease activity helps control bursitis symptoms.