A02.23

Clinical Causes: Infection with Salmonella bacteria, often through contaminated food or water Spread of bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract to joints via blood or lymphatic systems Pre-existing gastrointestinal infection that progresses to joint inflammation

Key Symptoms: Joint pain, especially in the knees, ankles, or wrists Swelling and tenderness in affected joints Stiffness that worsens with inactivity Fever or general feeling of fatigue (less common) Possible redness or warmth over the joint

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory tests. A healthcare provider may perform joint examinations and order blood tests to detect inflammation. Additionally, synovial fluid analysis from the affected joint can help identify Salmonella bacteria. Stool cultures may also be conducted to confirm Salmonella infection. Imaging tests like X-rays might be used to assess joint damage or rule out other conditions.

Treatment Protocols: Management of Salmonella arthritis typically includes antibiotics to target the Salmonella bacteria. Anti-inflammatory medications such as NSAIDs may be recommended to relieve joint pain and swelling. Rest and physical therapy can help maintain joint function and reduce stiffness. In some cases, a healthcare provider may suggest corticosteroids to control severe inflammation. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to limit joint damage and improve recovery outcomes.